What is D1 flexion and extension?

D1 (Diagonal 1) shoulder flexion is flexion, adduction, external rotation. D1 extension is extension, abduction, internal rotation. Easy way to remember – grabbing and buckling a seatbelt. D2 (Diagonal 2) shoulder flexion is flexion, abduction, external rotation. 2 extension is extension, adduction, internal rotation.

What is D1 flexion upper extremity?

The D1 shoulder flexion pattern starts in shoulder flexion, adduction and external rotation, forearm supination, wrist flexion and finger flexion. The ending position for D1 flexion is shoulder extension, abduction, external rotation, forearm pronation, wrist and finger extension.

What is a flexion pattern?

Flexion synergy patterns are your brain’s way of relearning how to control your muscles again. This process is slow, but it is possible to help it along.

What is D2 extension?

The D2 extension pattern (Extension/Adduction/Medial rotation) minimizes upper trapezius activity while maximizing the activation of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior (Witt et al., 2011) .

What is mass flexion?

Mass flexion-extension is a primitive movement pattern suggesting reduced selective motor control. This can be seen typically between the sagittal hip, knee and ankle traces during swing. Flexion and extension are abnormally synchronized.

What is agonist reversal?

Agonist Reversals: Strengthening Technique. Used to promote a lengthening contraction in a pattern. Used to facilitate proprioception. A shortening contraction is performed followed by a lengthening. contraction in the same pattern.

What is the difference between flexion and extension?

Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the sagittal plane. They refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts: Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

Which is the ending position of the D1 flexion pattern?

The D1 shoulder flexion pattern starts in shoulder flexion, adduction and external rotation, forearm supination, wrist flexion and finger flexion. The ending position for D1 flexion is shoulder extension, abduction, external rotation, forearm pronation, wrist and finger extension. The D1 Extension pattern reverses the D1 flexion pattern.

What are the patterns of lower extremity flexion?

The lower extremity diagonal patterns replicate those of the upper extremity, with the extension patterns reversing the flexion patterns. D1 flexion follows hip flexion, adduction and external rotation, ankle dorsiflexion and inversion and extension of the toes.

What is the PNF upper extremity extension pattern?

PNF Upper Extremity D1 Flexion/Extension Pattern 1 Shoulder extended, abducted, and internally rotated. 2 Forearm pronated. 3 Wrist ulnarly deviated. 4 Fingers extended.

Which is the final step in the stretching process?

The final step is another contraction of the agonist muscle. This stretching technique should be considered from the antagonist point of view, which is relax-contract-relax. PNF patterning is used for the upper and lower extremities and is broken into to D1 (Diagonal 1) and D2 (Diagonal 2) patterns.