What is normal range of motion for shoulder external rotation?

90°
Normal range of active movement of the shoulder has been specified by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) to be 180° for flexion and abduction and 90° for external rotation [6].

How strong should external rotation be?

Initially, body weight, a light band and then just 1 to 4 kilos will usually suffice. – The external rotators are relatively small muscles and require strength endurance as opposed to maximal strength. I would recommend a rep range of 10-15, performing 2-3 sets on these exercises.

What activities require shoulder external rotation?

When exercising hard and repeating movements with external load, shoulder external rotation is important to keep the rotator cuff muscles healthy and optimize shoulder mechanics. For example in military/overhead press, external rotation is needed. The reference value for shoulder external rotation is 90°.

What causes internal shoulder rotation?

Internal rotation can be caused by a number of things. Generally, like all postural issues, it is some combination of tightness and (relative) weakness. Tight upper traps, tight pec minor, tight thoracic, and tight lats are all potentially big contributors when it comes to shoulder internal rotation.

What is external rotation of the shoulder?

External rotation is also known as lateral rotation. The muscles that rotate the shoulder include the teres minor, infraspinatus and posterior deltoid. When the opposing muscles that internally rotate the shoulder are tight, they limit the ability of the external rotators to rotate the shoulder outward.

What are the internal rotators of the shoulder?

The internal rotators of the shoulder are muscles attaching to the humerus that internally rotate the arm: latissimus dorsi: originates on the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae as well as iliac crest. It attaches to the inferior angle of the scapula as it travels up to insert on the humerus.

What is internal and external rotation?

Internal and External Rotation. In anatomy, internal rotation (also known as medial rotation) is rotation towards the centre of the body. External rotation (or lateral rotation) is rotation away from the centre of the body.