What are the 3 architectural style of columns?

The three orders of architecture—the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—originated in Greece.

What is volute architecture?

A volute is a spiral, scroll-like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order, found in the capital of the Ionic column. The ornament can be seen in Renaissance and Baroque architecture and is a common decoration in furniture design, silverware and ceramics.

What is shaft architecture?

shaft::the structural member which serves as the main support of a column or pier. The shaft is between the capital and the base. See also abacus or impost block, base, capital, column, pier.

What is a base in architecture?

(1) : the lower part of a wall, pier, or column considered as a separate architectural feature. (2) : the lower part of a complete architectural design (as of a monument)

Can a shaft be horizontal?

A tunnel is a horizontal passageway located underground… Some structures may require excavation similar to tunnel excavation, but are not actually tunnels. Shafts, for example, are often hand-dug or dug with boring equipment. But unlike tunnels, shafts are vertical and shorter.

What is Corinthian design?

The Corinthian order (Greek Κορινθιακός ρυθμός, Latin Ordo Corinthius) is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. This architectural style is characterized by slender fluted columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and scrolls.

What is the top part of a Greek column called?

capital
In architecture the capital (from the Latin caput, or “head”) or chapiter forms the topmost member of a column (or a pilaster). It mediates between the column and the load thrusting down upon it, broadening the area of the column’s supporting surface.

What does an abacus stand for in architecture?

An abacus is a projecting block atop a column’s capital that does not hold up an arch. The next time you’re in Washington, D.C., look up at the columns of the Lincoln Memorial to see an abacus or two.

What was the abacus used for in medieval times?

The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool that was in use in Europe, China and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system.

What is the difference between an abacus and an impost?

An impost is NOT a capital but is often on top of a capital that has no entablature. An impost needs an arch. An abacus is a projecting block atop a column’s capital that does not hold up an arch.

What kind of calculations can you do with an abacus?

For any particular abacus design, there are usually numerous different methods to perform a certain type of calculation, which may include basic operations like addition and multiplication, or even more complex ones, such as calculating square roots. Some of these methods may work with non- natural numbers (numbers such as 1.5 and ​3⁄4 ).