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What is sham transcranial direct current stimulation?

What is sham transcranial direct current stimulation?

In most cases, sham tDCS consists in delivering an active stimulation for a few seconds to mimic the sensations observed with active tDCS and keep participants blind to the intervention.

What is the difference between anodal and cathodal stimulation?

In cathodal stimulation, anions (-) are discharged into the body as current flows from the cathode (-), through the tissue, and back to the anode (+). In anodal stimulation, cations (+) are discharged into the body as current flows from the anode (+), through the tissue, and back to the cathode (-).

How long should you use tDCS?

Generally, most stimulation durations range between 5 and 30 min, with a current intensity between 1 and 2 mA (Bikson et al., 2009). Current strengths of up to 4 mA have been tested (e.g., in stroke patients—Chhatbar et al., 2017), although the advisable safety threshold for human studies is 2 mA (Iyer et al., 2005).

What is sham TMS?

The term “sham TMS” is not without ambiguity as it may refer to any approach that aims at mimicking the auditory and/or somato-sensory effects of active TMS without actual stimulation of the brain.

Which is active electrode in stimulation?

The active electrode is typically smaller and placed near the nerve to be stimulated with the indifferent electrode placed over less excitable tissue such as fascia. In multi-channel configurations there are several active electrodes but only one indifferent electrode is required.

Does TMS work for anxiety?

Though research is limited, doctors have seen success using TMS to treat anxiety. Studies have shown significant benefit for individuals who have been diagnosed with “anxious depression” or depression and comorbid anxiety. In these types of cases, both depression and anxiety have been reduced through TMS.