What causes osteoblast differentiation?

Besides BMPs, some other growth factors influence osteoblast differentiation: mainly TGFβ, IGF, which activates Osterix [1,20], and FGF. The latter, although being primarily fibroblast-stimulatory, also promotes osteoblast differentiation.

What happens to osteoblasts in osteoporosis?

First, special bone cells called osteoclasts break down bone. Then, other bone cells called osteoblasts create new bone. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts can coordinate well for most of your life. Eventually, this coordination can break down, and the osteoclasts begin to remove more bone than the osteoblasts can create.

Can osteoblasts differentiate?

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells of mesenchymal origin; they differentiate from mesenchymal progenitors, either directly or via an osteochondroprogenitor. Osteoblasts can also differentiate into osteocytes, which are stellate cells populating narrow interconnecting passages within the bone matrix.

Does osteoporosis affect osteoblasts or osteoclasts?

Bone homeostasis depends on the resorption of bone by osteoclasts and formation of bone by osteoblasts. Imbalance of this tightly coupled process can cause diseases such as osteoporosis. Thus, the mechanisms that regulate communication between osteoclasts and osteoblasts are critical to bone cell biology.

What is the function of osteoblast?

Osteoblasts are specialized mesenchymal cells that synthesize bone matrix and coordinate the mineralization of the skeleton. These cells work in harmony with osteoclasts, which resorb bone, in a continuous cycle that occurs throughout life.

What is the best doctor to treat osteoporosis?

A variety of medical specialists treat people with osteoporosis, including internists, gynecologists, family doctors, endocrinologists, rheumatologists, physiatrists, orthopaedists, and geriatricians. There are a number of ways to find a doctor who treats osteoporosis patients.

What can an endocrinologist do for osteoporosis?

Endocrinologists specialize in treating and preventing bone loss and preventing fractures. In addition, endocrinologists treat disorders that may affect bones, such as hyperparathyroidism, low and high levels of calcium. Become familiar with osteoporosis risk factors.

How do you activate osteoblasts?

Primary murine osteoblasts and the osteoblast cell line MC3T3 will be activated with osteotropic agents (LPS, PTH, IL-1, etc.) or antibodies to specific cell surface determinants. Functional, serological and biochemical experiments will be used to identify the MGF activity and other relevant cytokines.

What is the function of osteoblasts?

What are the stimuli that influence osteoblast differentiation?

Osteoblast differentiation is subject to regulation by physical stimuli to ensure the formation of bone adequate for structural and dynamic support of the body. Here, we provide a brief description of the various stimuli that influence osteogenesis: shear stress, compression, stretch, micro- and macrogravity, and ultrasound.

How are osteoblasts and bone matrix synthesis related?

Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Matrix Formation In Vivo and In Vitro We review the characteristics of osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix synthesis. Bone in air breathing vertebrates is a specialized tissue that developmentally replaces simpler solid tissues, usually cartilage.

What are the challenges of bone cell differentiation?

Major challenges are production of bone matrix approaching the in vivo density and support for trabecular bone formation. In vitro differentiation is limited by the organization and density of osteoblasts and by endogenous and exogenous inhibitors.

How are bone remodelling and resorption related to osteoporosis?

When this balance tips toward excessive resorption, bones weaken and over time can become brittle and prone to fracture (osteoporosis). This continual resorption and re-deposition of bone mineral, or bone remodelling, is intimately tied to the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.