What causes left lower lobe pneumonia?

The most common organisms which cause lobar pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae, also called pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the tubercle bacillus, may also cause lobar pneumonia if pulmonary tuberculosis is not treated promptly.

What causes upper lobe pneumonia?

Classic appearance of a right upper lobe pneumonia. The infection is confined to the upper lobe by the horizontal fissure. Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by typical organisms – such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.

What is the pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia?

Most pneumonia occurs when a breakdown in your body’s natural defenses allows germs to invade and multiply within your lungs. To destroy the attacking organisms, white blood cells rapidly accumulate. Along with bacteria and fungi, they fill the air sacs within your lungs (alveoli). Breathing may be labored.

What causes cyanosis in bacterial pneumonia?

It is evident that the cyanosis of pneumonia patients is due to the incomplete saturation of venous blood with oxygen in the lungs, and that the various shades of blue observed in the distal parts are caused by an admixture of reduced hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin in the superficial capillaries.

What is the best antibiotic for bacterial pneumonia?

Macrolides. The best initial antibiotic choice is thought to be a macrolide. Macrolides provide the best coverage for the most likely organisms in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP). Macrolides have effective coverage for gram-positive, Legionella, and Mycoplasma organisms.

What does it mean if you have celiac artery stenosis?

Written on: Celiac artery stenosis–also known as celiac artery compression syndrome–is an unusual abnormality that results in a severe decrease in the amount of blood that reaches the stomach and abdominal region.

How is celiac stenosis treated with a PDAA?

Celiac stenosis with a PDAA is rare and treatment guidelines are absent. Here, we report 4 cases of celiac stenosis treated using different methods. Of these, 3 involved PDAAs. The PDAAs were successfully treated with coil embolization.

Is there a clinical syndrome for celiac artery compression?

Despite the relatively high prevalence of celiac artery compression, clinically relevant celiac artery compression syndrome is rare. Discordance between the presence of anatomical compression and clinically significant symptoms has led some to question whether the clinical syndrome actually exists. [ 4]

Can a celiac disease cause pancreatic aneurysm?

Celiac stenosis may result in a pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm (PDAA). Celiac stenosis with a PDAA is rare and treatment guidelines are absent. Here, we report 4 cases of celiac stenosis treated using different methods.